1.what is a transient variable?
A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized.
2.which containers use a border Layout as their default layout?
The window, Frame and Dialog classes use a border layout as their default layout.
3.Why do threads block on I/O?
Threads block on i/o (that is enters the waiting state) so that other threads may execute while the i/o Operation is performed.
4. How are Observer and Observable used?
Objects that subclass the Observable class maintain a list of observers. When an Observable object is updated it invokes the update() method of each of its observers to notify the observers that it has changed state. The Observer interface is implemented by objects that observe Observable objects.
5. What is synchronization and why is it important?
With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchronization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared object while another thread is in the process of using or updating that object's value. This often leads to significant errors.
6. Can a lock be acquired on a class?
Yes, a lock can be acquired on a class. This lock is acquired on the class's Class object..
7. What's new with the stop(), suspend() and resume() methods in JDK 1.2?
The stop(), suspend() and resume() methods have been deprecated in JDK 1.2.
8. Is null a keyword?
The null value is not a keyword.
9. What is the preferred size of a component?
The preferred size of a component is the minimum component size that will allow the component to display normally.
10. What method is used to specify a container's layout?
The setLayout() method is used to specify a container's layout.
11. Which containers use a FlowLayout as their default layout?
The Panel and Applet classes use the FlowLayout as their default layout.
12. What state does a thread enter when it terminates its processing?
When a thread terminates its processing, it enters the dead state.
13. What is the Collections API?
The Collections API is a set of classes and interfaces that support operations on collections of objects.
14. Which characters may be used as the second character of an identifier, but not as the first character of an identifier?
The digits 0 through 9 may not be used as the first character of an identifier but they may be used after the first character of an identifier.
15. What is the List interface?
The List interface provides support for ordered collections of objects.
16. How does Java handle integer overflows and underflows?
It uses those low order bytes of the result that can fit into the size of the type allowed by the operation.
17. What is the Vector class?
The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable array of objects
18. What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of an outer class?
A (non-local) inner class may be declared as public, protected, private, static, final, or abstract.
19. What is an Iterator interface?
The Iterator interface is used to step through the elements of a Collection.
20. What is the difference between the >> and >>> operators?
The >> operator carries the sign bit when shifting right. The >>> zero-fills bits that have been shifted out.
21. Which method of the Component class is used to set the position and size of a component?
setBounds()
22. How many bits are used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF-16, and UTF-8 characters?
Unicode requires 16 bits and ASCII require 7 bits. Although the ASCII character set uses only 7 bits, it is usually represented as 8 bits. UTF-8 represents characters using 8, 16, and 18 bit patterns. UTF-16 uses 16-bit and larger bit patterns.
23What is the difference between yielding and sleeping?
When a task invokes its yield() method, it returns to the ready state. When a task invokes its sleep() method, it returns to the waiting state. http://www.apfreshers.com
24. Which java.util classes and interfaces support event handling?
The EventObject class and the EventListener interface support event processing.
25. Is sizeof a keyword?
The sizeof operator is not a keyword.
26. What are wrapped classes?
Wrapped classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects.
27. Does garbage collection guarantee that a program will not run out of memory?
Garbage collection does not guarantee that a program will not run out of memory. It is possible for programs to use up memory resources faster than they are garbage collected. It is also possible for programs to create objects that are not subject to garbage collection
28. What restrictions are placed on the location of a package statement within a source code file?
A package statement must appear as the first line in a source code file (excluding blank lines and comments).
29. Can an object's finalize() method be invoked while it is reachable?
An object's finalize() method cannot be invoked by the garbage collector while the object is still reachable. However, an object's finalize() method may be invoked by other objects.
30. What is the immediate superclass of the Applet class?
Panel
31. What is the difference between preemptive scheduling and time slicing?
Under preemptive scheduling, the highest priority task executes until it enters the waiting or dead states or a higher priority task comes into existence. Under time slicing, a task executes for a predefined slice of time and then reenters the pool of ready tasks. The scheduler then determines which task should execute next, based on priority and other factors.
32. Name three Component subclasses that support painting.
The Canvas, Frame, Panel, and Applet classes support painting.
33. What value does readLine() return when it has reached the end of a file?
The readLine() method returns null when it has reached the end of a file.
34. What is the immediate superclass of the Dialog class?
Window http://www.apfreshers.com
35. What is clipping?
Clipping is the process of confining paint operations to a limited area or shape.
36. What is a native method?
A native method is a method that is implemented in a language other than Java.
37. Can a for statement loop indefinitely?
Yes, a for statement can loop indefinitely. For example, consider the following: for(;;) ;
38. What are order of precedence and associativity, and how are they used?
Order of precedence determines the order in which operators are evaluated in expressions. Associatity determines whether an expression is evaluated left-to-right or right-to-left
39. When a thread blocks on I/O, what state does it enter?
A thread enters the waiting state when it blocks on I/O.
40. To what value is a variable of the String type automatically initialized?
The default value of an String type is null.
41. What is the catch or declare rule for method declarations?
If a checked exception may be thrown within the body of a method, the method must either catch the exception or declare it in its throws clause.
42. What is the difference between a MenuItem and a CheckboxMenuItem?
The CheckboxMenuItem class extends the MenuItem class to support a menu item that may be checked or unchecked.
43. What is a task's priority and how is it used in scheduling?
A task's priority is an integer value that identifies the relative order in which it should be executed with respect to other tasks. The scheduler attempts to schedule higher priority tasks before lower priority tasks.
44. What class is the top of the AWT event hierarchy?
The java.awt.AWTEvent class is the highest-level class in the AWT event-class hierarchy.
45. When a thread is created and started, what is its initial state?
A thread is in the ready state after it has been created and started.
46. Can an anonymous class be declared as implementing an interface and extending a class?
An anonymous class may implement an interface or extend a superclass, but may not be declared to do both. http://www.apfreshers.com
47. What is the range of the short type?
The range of the short type is -(2^15) to 2^15 - 1.
48. What is the range of the char type?
The range of the char type is 0 to 2^16 - 1.
49. In which package are most of the AWT events that support the event-delegation model defined?
Most of the AWT-related events of the event-delegation model are defined in the java.awt.event package. The AWTEvent class is defined in the java.awt package.
50. What is the immediate superclass of Menu?
MenuItem
51. What is the purpose of finalization?
The purpose of finalization is to give an unreachable object the opportunity to perform any cleanup processing before the object is garbage collected.
52. Which class is the immediate superclass of the MenuComponent class.
Object
53. What invokes a thread's run() method?
After a thread is started, via its start() method or that of the Thread class, the JVM invokes the thread's run() method when the thread is initially executed.
54. What is the difference between the Boolean & operator and the && operator?
If an expression involving the Boolean & operator is evaluated, both operands are evaluated. Then the & operator is applied to the operand. When an expression involving the && operator is evaluated, the first operand is evaluated. If the first operand returns a value of true then the second operand is evaluated. The && operator is then applied to the first and second operands. If the first operand evaluates to false, the evaluation of the second operand is skipped.
55. Name three subclasses of the Component class.
Box.Filler, Button, Canvas, Checkbox, Choice, Container, Label, List, Scrollbar, or TextComponent
56. What is the GregorianCalendar class?
The GregorianCalendar provides support for traditional Western calendars.
57. Which Container method is used to cause a container to be laid out and redisplayed?
validate()
http://www.apfreshers.com
58. What is the purpose of the Runtime class?
The purpose of the Runtime class is to provide access to the Java runtime system.
59. How many times may an object's finalize() method be invoked by the garbage collector?
An object's finalize() method may only be invoked once by the garbage collector.
60. What is the purpose of the finally clause of a try-catch-finally statement?
The finally clause is used to provide the capability to execute code no matter whether or not an exception is thrown or caught.
Saturday, October 30, 2010
C & C++ Questions & Answers
Q) what operations can be performed on pointers ?
I said- normal referencing, dereferencing, & normal arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, increment, decrement.The i said- using dereferencing operator one can perform all the operations allowed on referenced variables, using pointers. But he said- can u divide pointers?I said- no. He said- then why did you say so? You are contradicting urself. I don't know when did I...
Q) do you know something about call by value & call by reference?
I said yes.He asked me to tell the differnce. i said- If you use call by value, you create a copy of original object/var. & all the operations performed modifies only the copy. Original object remains unchanged.But, If you use call by reference, a reference is created instead of a copy, & all the operations are reflected in original object.
Q) so if you want to change the value, would you use a function or a procedure?
I said - a procedure. He asked me- why? I said- convetionally, function is used when we wan't to return a value such as a status info. or result of any operation. Then I said- since a procedure does not return any value to point of reference (where it was called) only the referenced values are manipulated. He said- Now, you are saying that procedure doesn't return a value so u r contradicting urself for ur using procedure to change a value.I said- no, a function is used when we want to return a value to point of reference, It can return only a single value. & original vals. are not modified unless they use the return value of the function (i.e., by appearing on the L.H.S. of an assignment including a function call.)
Q) what does a function returns?
I said- any return value, that we want it return. Like result of an operation. He asked- explain. Like if you want to add two values, then what would the function return? I said- ok, if you are using a function sum like (i wrote it on a paper) int sum (int a, int b) { return a+b; } & calling the function like c = sum(a,b); then the function sum will return the value of operation a+b to c.
Q) int i=0; while(i=0) printf("%d",++i); Guess the output *****
infinite loop
Q) int x=2, y=6, z=6; x=y==z; printf("%d",x); Guess the output *****
prints 1.
Q. What is a configuration file?
A. A configuration file tells Turbo C++ what options to default to and where to look for its library and header files. TC.EXE looks for a configuration file named TCCONFIG.TC, and TCC.EXE looks for a file named TURBOC.CFG.
When linking C or Assembly language modules with C++ modules I get undefined symbol errors at link time. It appears that none of the C or Assembly public symbols can be found.
A. C++ is a strongly typed language. In order to support the language to its fullest, Turbo C++ must attach information to the symbols generated for function names and variables. When this is done, the symbol will no longer match the standard C style function name. In order to link correctly, the compiler must be notified that the symbol is declared in an external module without type information tacked on to the symbol. This is done by prototyping the function as type extern "C". Here is a quick example: extern "C" int normal_c_func( float, int, char ); // name not altered void cplusplus_function( int ); // name altered See related comments under Linker Errors and in the Paradox Engine question in this section.
Classes with static data members are getting linker errors ("undefined").
A. This code is built into Turbo C++ 1.0 but not in version 3.0. In the 1.0 compiler, static members without definitions were given a default value of 0. This default definition will no longer be made in the compiler. The programmer must now give an explicit definition for each static member. Here is a quick example: class A { static int i; }; A linker error saying that A::i is not defined will result unless the source also contains a line such as: int A::i = 1;
What potential problems can arise from typecasting a base class pointer into a derived class pointer so that the derived class's member functions can be called?
A. Syntactically this is allowable. There is always the possibility of a base pointer actually pointing to a base class. If this is typecast to a derived type, the method being called may not exist in the base class. Therefore, you would be grabbing the address of a function that does not exist.
Q: What's the difference between the keywords STRUCT and CLASS?
A: The members of a STRUCT are PUBLIC by default, while in CLASS, they default to PRIVATE. They are otherwise functionally equivalent.
Q: I have declared a derived class from a base class, but I can't access any of the base class members with the derived class function.
A: Derived classes DO NOT get access to private members of a base class. In order to access members of a base class, the base class members must be declared as either public or protected. If they are public, then any portion of the program can access them. If they are protected, they are accessible by the class members, friends, and any derived classes.
Q: How can I use the Paradox Engine 1.0 with C++?,
A: Because the Paradox Engine functions are all compiled as C functions, you will have to assure that the names of the functions do not get "mangled" by the C++ compiler. To do this you need to prototype the Engine functions as extern "C". In the pxengine.h header file insert the following code at the lines indicated. /* inserted at line # 268 */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif /* inserted at line # 732, just before the final #endif */ #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif Paradox Engine version 2.0 is "aware" of C++ and thus does not require any modifications to its header file.
I have a class that is derived from three base classes. Can I insure that one base class constructor will be called before all other constructors?
A: If you declare the base class as a virtual base class, its constructor will be called before any non-virtual base class constructors. Otherwise the constructors are called in left-to-right order on the declaration line for the class. Q: Are the standard library I/O functions still available for use with the C++ iostreams library? A: Yes, using #include functions such as printf() and scanf() will continue to be available. However, using them in conjunction with stream oriented functions can lead to unpredictable behaviour.
Q: In C++, given two variables of the same name, one local and one global, how do I access the global instance within the local scope?
A. Use the scope (::) operator. int x = 10; for(int x=0; x < ::x; x++) { cout << "Loop # " << x << "\n"; // This will loop 10 times }
Q: Will the following two functions be overloaded by the compiler, or will the compiler flag it as an error? Why?
void test( int x, double y); & int test( int a, double b); A. The compiler will flag this as a redeclaration error because neither return types nor argument names are considered when determining unique signatures for overloading functions. Only number and type of arguments are considered.
Q: If I pass a character to a function which only accepts an int, what will the compiler do? Will it flag it as an error?
A. No. The compiler will promote the char to an int and use the integer representation in the function instead of the character itself.
Q: I was trying to allocate an array of function pointers using the new operator but I keep getting declaration syntax errors using the following syntax: new int(*[10])(); What's wrong?
A. The new operator is a unary operator and binds first to the int keyword producing the following: (new int) (*[10])(); You need to put parentheses around the expression to produce the expected results: new (int (*[10]());
Q: What are inline functions? What are their advantages? How are they declared?
A. An inline function is a function which gets textually inserted by the compiler, much like macros. The advantage is that execution time is shortened because linker overhead is minimized. They are declared by using the inline keyword when the function is declared: inline void func(void) { cout << "printing inline function \n"; } or by including the function declaration and code body within a class: class test { public: void func(void) { cout << "inline function within a class.\n"} };
Q: If I don't specify either public or private sections in a class, what is the default? A. In a class, all members are private by default if neither public nor private sections are declared.
Q: What is a friend member function?
A. Declaring a friend gives non-members of a class access to the non-public members of a class.
Q: Why do I get a "Type name expected" error on my definition of a friend class in my new class?
A You need to let the compiler know that the label you use for your friend class is another class. If you do not want to define your entire class, you can simply have "class xxx", where xxx is your label.
Q: What is the "this" pointer?
A. "this" is a local variable in the body of a non-static member function. It is a pointer to the object for which the function was invoked. It cannot be used outside of a class member function body.
Q: Why does a binary member function only accept a single argument?
A. The first argument is defined implicitly.
Q: Looking through the class libraries there are definitions in classes which look like: class test { int funct( void ) const; }; What is the const keyword doing here?
A. There is a pointer to the object for which a function is called known as the 'this' pointer. By default the type of 'this' is X *const ( a constant pointer). The const keyword changes the type to const X *const ( a constant pointer to constant data ).
I would like to use C++ fstreams on a file opened in binary mode, how is this done?
A: Use ios::binary as the open mode for the file: #include ifstream binfile; binfile.open("myfile.bin", ios::binary);
Q: How can I find out where my "null pointer assignment" is occurring?
A. Set a watch on the following expressions: *(char *)0,4m (char *)4 Step through the program. When the values change, the just-executed line is the one that is causing the problem. Null pointer is known not to point to any object; an uninitialized pointer might point anywhere. there is a null pointer for each pointer type, and the internal values of null pointers for different types may be different. And is implicitly defined as : preprocessor macro NULL is #defined (by or ), with value 0
Q: When I try to load a new file after editing a file, the first file remains on the screen. How do I close the first file?
A. Use Alt-F3 to close the current file. Also, use F6 to move from one file to the next, if there is more than one file open at a time.
Q: I'm doing a search and replace operation, and the editor prompts me for each replacement. I've selected "Change All", but it still does it.
A. To disable the prompting, you must unselect the "Prompt on replace" option on the left side of the dialog box.
Q: When I try to use the any of the pseudo registers, like _AX, I get the error message "Undefined symbol '_AX' in function..." when I compile. Why?
A. You are only allowed to use the pseudo registers in the Turbo C++ and ANSI modes of the compiler. You can change this setting in the Options | Compiler | Source menu.
Q: Since I don't have a mouse, can I still copy blocks of code from one file to another?
A. Yes. You can mark the beginning and end of a block by moving to the appropriate area and pressing Ctrl-K-B (mark beginning) and Ctrl-K-K (mark end). You can then use the copy and paste commands in the Edit menu.
How do I stop all of the files I have ever edited from constantly being open when I bring up Turbo C++?
A: BY default, Turbo C++ saves what is called the desktop configuration. This configuration is saved in a file with a .DSK extension. By deleting any files of this type, then entering Options/Environment/Preferences and removing the check from 'auto save desktop', you will begin with a clean desktop each time you invoke Turbo C++.
Q: The '\n' in cprintf() does not return the cursor to the beginning of the line. It only moves the cursor down one line.
A. cprintf() interprets '\n' as a Line Feed. To force the cursor to the beginning of the line, manually insert a Carriage Return: cprintf("\n\r");
Q: How do I print to the printer from a Turbo C++ program?
A. Turbo C++ uses a FILE pointer (stdprn) defined in the STDIO.H file. You do not need to open stdprn before using it: #include int main(void) { fprintf(stdprn, "Hello, printer!\n"); } Note that if your printer is line-buffered, the output is flushed only after a '\n' is sent.
Q: Why don't printf() and puts() print text in color?
A. Use the console I/O functions cprintf() and cputs() for color output. #include int main(void) { textcolor(BLUE); cprintf("I'm blue."); }
Q: How do I print a long integer?
A. Use the "%ld" format: long int l = 70000L; printf("%ld", l);
Q: How do I print a long double?
A. Use the "%Lf" format. long double ldbl = 1E500; printf("%Lf", ldbl);
Q: How do I compile the BGIDEMO program?
A. 1. Make sure that the following Turbo C++ files are in your current directory: BGIDEMO.C *.BGI *.CHR 2. Run Turbo C++. 3. Load BGIDEMO.C into the Editor by pressing F3, then typing BGIDEMO 3. Go to the Run menu and choose the Run item.
Q: How do I create a COM file?
A. DOS versions 3.2 and earlier include an EXE2BIN utility that converts EXE files to COM files. Users who do not have EXE2BIN can use TLINK, the Turbo C++ command-line linker, to create a COM file instead of an EXE file. Use the /t option. For example: TCC -mt -lt tiny will create TINY.COM instead of TINY.EXE. The -l switch passes the /t argument to the linker in this case.
Q: Why do I get incorrect results from all the math library functions like cos(), tan() and atof()?
A. You must #include before you call any of the standard Turbo C++ math functions. In general, Turbo C++ assumes that a function that is not declared returns an int. In the case of math functions, they usually return a double. For example /* WRONG */ /* RIGHT */ #include int main(void) int main(void) { { printf("%f", cos(0)); printf("%f", cos(0)); } }
Q: How do I change the stack size?
A. The size of the stack of a Turbo C++ program is determined at run time by the global variable _stklen. To change the size to, for example, 10,000 bytes, include the following line in your program: extern unsigned _stklen = 10000; This statement must not be inside any function definition. The default stack size is 4,096 bytes (4K).
Q: My program comes up with the message 'Null pointer assignment' after it terminates. What does this mean?
A. Before a small-data model Turbo C++ program returns to DOS, it will check to see if the beginning of its data segment has been corrupted. This message is to warn you that you have used uninitialized pointers or that your program has corrupted memory in some other way.
Q: Why are .EXE files generated by TC.EXE larger than those generated by TCC.EXE?
A. In the default configuration, TC.EXE includes debugging information in the .EXE files that it creates, and TCC.EXE does not. If you don't want to produce this debugging information, you can shut it off in the Integrated Development Environment by selecting Alt-O|B|N.
Q: I have a working program that dynamically allocates memory using malloc() or calloc() in small data models (tiny, small, and medium). When I compile this program in large data models (compact, large, and huge), my program hangs.
A. Make sure that you have #include in your program.
Q) I had definition char x[6] in one source file, and another I declared extern char *x. Why didn't it work?
Ans) The declaration extern char *x simply does not match the actual definition. The type "pointer-to-type-T" is not the same as "array-of-type-T." Use extern char x[]. But I heard that char x[] was identical to char *x. But it is wrong
I said- normal referencing, dereferencing, & normal arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, increment, decrement.The i said- using dereferencing operator one can perform all the operations allowed on referenced variables, using pointers. But he said- can u divide pointers?I said- no. He said- then why did you say so? You are contradicting urself. I don't know when did I...
Q) do you know something about call by value & call by reference?
I said yes.He asked me to tell the differnce. i said- If you use call by value, you create a copy of original object/var. & all the operations performed modifies only the copy. Original object remains unchanged.But, If you use call by reference, a reference is created instead of a copy, & all the operations are reflected in original object.
Q) so if you want to change the value, would you use a function or a procedure?
I said - a procedure. He asked me- why? I said- convetionally, function is used when we wan't to return a value such as a status info. or result of any operation. Then I said- since a procedure does not return any value to point of reference (where it was called) only the referenced values are manipulated. He said- Now, you are saying that procedure doesn't return a value so u r contradicting urself for ur using procedure to change a value.I said- no, a function is used when we want to return a value to point of reference, It can return only a single value. & original vals. are not modified unless they use the return value of the function (i.e., by appearing on the L.H.S. of an assignment including a function call.)
Q) what does a function returns?
I said- any return value, that we want it return. Like result of an operation. He asked- explain. Like if you want to add two values, then what would the function return? I said- ok, if you are using a function sum like (i wrote it on a paper) int sum (int a, int b) { return a+b; } & calling the function like c = sum(a,b); then the function sum will return the value of operation a+b to c.
Q) int i=0; while(i=0) printf("%d",++i); Guess the output *****
infinite loop
Q) int x=2, y=6, z=6; x=y==z; printf("%d",x); Guess the output *****
prints 1.
Q. What is a configuration file?
A. A configuration file tells Turbo C++ what options to default to and where to look for its library and header files. TC.EXE looks for a configuration file named TCCONFIG.TC, and TCC.EXE looks for a file named TURBOC.CFG.
When linking C or Assembly language modules with C++ modules I get undefined symbol errors at link time. It appears that none of the C or Assembly public symbols can be found.
A. C++ is a strongly typed language. In order to support the language to its fullest, Turbo C++ must attach information to the symbols generated for function names and variables. When this is done, the symbol will no longer match the standard C style function name. In order to link correctly, the compiler must be notified that the symbol is declared in an external module without type information tacked on to the symbol. This is done by prototyping the function as type extern "C". Here is a quick example: extern "C" int normal_c_func( float, int, char ); // name not altered void cplusplus_function( int ); // name altered See related comments under Linker Errors and in the Paradox Engine question in this section.
Classes with static data members are getting linker errors ("undefined").
A. This code is built into Turbo C++ 1.0 but not in version 3.0. In the 1.0 compiler, static members without definitions were given a default value of 0. This default definition will no longer be made in the compiler. The programmer must now give an explicit definition for each static member. Here is a quick example: class A { static int i; }; A linker error saying that A::i is not defined will result unless the source also contains a line such as: int A::i = 1;
What potential problems can arise from typecasting a base class pointer into a derived class pointer so that the derived class's member functions can be called?
A. Syntactically this is allowable. There is always the possibility of a base pointer actually pointing to a base class. If this is typecast to a derived type, the method being called may not exist in the base class. Therefore, you would be grabbing the address of a function that does not exist.
Q: What's the difference between the keywords STRUCT and CLASS?
A: The members of a STRUCT are PUBLIC by default, while in CLASS, they default to PRIVATE. They are otherwise functionally equivalent.
Q: I have declared a derived class from a base class, but I can't access any of the base class members with the derived class function.
A: Derived classes DO NOT get access to private members of a base class. In order to access members of a base class, the base class members must be declared as either public or protected. If they are public, then any portion of the program can access them. If they are protected, they are accessible by the class members, friends, and any derived classes.
Q: How can I use the Paradox Engine 1.0 with C++?,
A: Because the Paradox Engine functions are all compiled as C functions, you will have to assure that the names of the functions do not get "mangled" by the C++ compiler. To do this you need to prototype the Engine functions as extern "C". In the pxengine.h header file insert the following code at the lines indicated. /* inserted at line # 268 */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif /* inserted at line # 732, just before the final #endif */ #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif Paradox Engine version 2.0 is "aware" of C++ and thus does not require any modifications to its header file.
I have a class that is derived from three base classes. Can I insure that one base class constructor will be called before all other constructors?
A: If you declare the base class as a virtual base class, its constructor will be called before any non-virtual base class constructors. Otherwise the constructors are called in left-to-right order on the declaration line for the class. Q: Are the standard library I/O functions still available for use with the C++ iostreams library? A: Yes, using #include functions such as printf() and scanf() will continue to be available. However, using them in conjunction with stream oriented functions can lead to unpredictable behaviour.
Q: In C++, given two variables of the same name, one local and one global, how do I access the global instance within the local scope?
A. Use the scope (::) operator. int x = 10; for(int x=0; x < ::x; x++) { cout << "Loop # " << x << "\n"; // This will loop 10 times }
Q: Will the following two functions be overloaded by the compiler, or will the compiler flag it as an error? Why?
void test( int x, double y); & int test( int a, double b); A. The compiler will flag this as a redeclaration error because neither return types nor argument names are considered when determining unique signatures for overloading functions. Only number and type of arguments are considered.
Q: If I pass a character to a function which only accepts an int, what will the compiler do? Will it flag it as an error?
A. No. The compiler will promote the char to an int and use the integer representation in the function instead of the character itself.
Q: I was trying to allocate an array of function pointers using the new operator but I keep getting declaration syntax errors using the following syntax: new int(*[10])(); What's wrong?
A. The new operator is a unary operator and binds first to the int keyword producing the following: (new int) (*[10])(); You need to put parentheses around the expression to produce the expected results: new (int (*[10]());
Q: What are inline functions? What are their advantages? How are they declared?
A. An inline function is a function which gets textually inserted by the compiler, much like macros. The advantage is that execution time is shortened because linker overhead is minimized. They are declared by using the inline keyword when the function is declared: inline void func(void) { cout << "printing inline function \n"; } or by including the function declaration and code body within a class: class test { public: void func(void) { cout << "inline function within a class.\n"} };
Q: If I don't specify either public or private sections in a class, what is the default? A. In a class, all members are private by default if neither public nor private sections are declared.
Q: What is a friend member function?
A. Declaring a friend gives non-members of a class access to the non-public members of a class.
Q: Why do I get a "Type name expected" error on my definition of a friend class in my new class?
A You need to let the compiler know that the label you use for your friend class is another class. If you do not want to define your entire class, you can simply have "class xxx", where xxx is your label.
Q: What is the "this" pointer?
A. "this" is a local variable in the body of a non-static member function. It is a pointer to the object for which the function was invoked. It cannot be used outside of a class member function body.
Q: Why does a binary member function only accept a single argument?
A. The first argument is defined implicitly.
Q: Looking through the class libraries there are definitions in classes which look like: class test { int funct( void ) const; }; What is the const keyword doing here?
A. There is a pointer to the object for which a function is called known as the 'this' pointer. By default the type of 'this' is X *const ( a constant pointer). The const keyword changes the type to const X *const ( a constant pointer to constant data ).
I would like to use C++ fstreams on a file opened in binary mode, how is this done?
A: Use ios::binary as the open mode for the file: #include ifstream binfile; binfile.open("myfile.bin", ios::binary);
Q: How can I find out where my "null pointer assignment" is occurring?
A. Set a watch on the following expressions: *(char *)0,4m (char *)4 Step through the program. When the values change, the just-executed line is the one that is causing the problem. Null pointer is known not to point to any object; an uninitialized pointer might point anywhere. there is a null pointer for each pointer type, and the internal values of null pointers for different types may be different. And is implicitly defined as : preprocessor macro NULL is #defined (by or ), with value 0
Q: When I try to load a new file after editing a file, the first file remains on the screen. How do I close the first file?
A. Use Alt-F3 to close the current file. Also, use F6 to move from one file to the next, if there is more than one file open at a time.
Q: I'm doing a search and replace operation, and the editor prompts me for each replacement. I've selected "Change All", but it still does it.
A. To disable the prompting, you must unselect the "Prompt on replace" option on the left side of the dialog box.
Q: When I try to use the any of the pseudo registers, like _AX, I get the error message "Undefined symbol '_AX' in function..." when I compile. Why?
A. You are only allowed to use the pseudo registers in the Turbo C++ and ANSI modes of the compiler. You can change this setting in the Options | Compiler | Source menu.
Q: Since I don't have a mouse, can I still copy blocks of code from one file to another?
A. Yes. You can mark the beginning and end of a block by moving to the appropriate area and pressing Ctrl-K-B (mark beginning) and Ctrl-K-K (mark end). You can then use the copy and paste commands in the Edit menu.
How do I stop all of the files I have ever edited from constantly being open when I bring up Turbo C++?
A: BY default, Turbo C++ saves what is called the desktop configuration. This configuration is saved in a file with a .DSK extension. By deleting any files of this type, then entering Options/Environment/Preferences and removing the check from 'auto save desktop', you will begin with a clean desktop each time you invoke Turbo C++.
Q: The '\n' in cprintf() does not return the cursor to the beginning of the line. It only moves the cursor down one line.
A. cprintf() interprets '\n' as a Line Feed. To force the cursor to the beginning of the line, manually insert a Carriage Return: cprintf("\n\r");
Q: How do I print to the printer from a Turbo C++ program?
A. Turbo C++ uses a FILE pointer (stdprn) defined in the STDIO.H file. You do not need to open stdprn before using it: #include int main(void) { fprintf(stdprn, "Hello, printer!\n"); } Note that if your printer is line-buffered, the output is flushed only after a '\n' is sent.
Q: Why don't printf() and puts() print text in color?
A. Use the console I/O functions cprintf() and cputs() for color output. #include int main(void) { textcolor(BLUE); cprintf("I'm blue."); }
Q: How do I print a long integer?
A. Use the "%ld" format: long int l = 70000L; printf("%ld", l);
Q: How do I print a long double?
A. Use the "%Lf" format. long double ldbl = 1E500; printf("%Lf", ldbl);
Q: How do I compile the BGIDEMO program?
A. 1. Make sure that the following Turbo C++ files are in your current directory: BGIDEMO.C *.BGI *.CHR 2. Run Turbo C++. 3. Load BGIDEMO.C into the Editor by pressing F3, then typing BGIDEMO 3. Go to the Run menu and choose the Run item.
Q: How do I create a COM file?
A. DOS versions 3.2 and earlier include an EXE2BIN utility that converts EXE files to COM files. Users who do not have EXE2BIN can use TLINK, the Turbo C++ command-line linker, to create a COM file instead of an EXE file. Use the /t option. For example: TCC -mt -lt tiny will create TINY.COM instead of TINY.EXE. The -l switch passes the /t argument to the linker in this case.
Q: Why do I get incorrect results from all the math library functions like cos(), tan() and atof()?
A. You must #include
Q: How do I change the stack size?
A. The size of the stack of a Turbo C++ program is determined at run time by the global variable _stklen. To change the size to, for example, 10,000 bytes, include the following line in your program: extern unsigned _stklen = 10000; This statement must not be inside any function definition. The default stack size is 4,096 bytes (4K).
Q: My program comes up with the message 'Null pointer assignment' after it terminates. What does this mean?
A. Before a small-data model Turbo C++ program returns to DOS, it will check to see if the beginning of its data segment has been corrupted. This message is to warn you that you have used uninitialized pointers or that your program has corrupted memory in some other way.
Q: Why are .EXE files generated by TC.EXE larger than those generated by TCC.EXE?
A. In the default configuration, TC.EXE includes debugging information in the .EXE files that it creates, and TCC.EXE does not. If you don't want to produce this debugging information, you can shut it off in the Integrated Development Environment by selecting Alt-O|B|N.
Q: I have a working program that dynamically allocates memory using malloc() or calloc() in small data models (tiny, small, and medium). When I compile this program in large data models (compact, large, and huge), my program hangs.
A. Make sure that you have #include
Q) I had definition char x[6] in one source file, and another I declared extern char *x. Why didn't it work?
Ans) The declaration extern char *x simply does not match the actual definition. The type "pointer-to-type-T" is not the same as "array-of-type-T." Use extern char x[]. But I heard that char x[] was identical to char *x. But it is wrong
Continental Software Solutions Limited Recruiting Freshers (any graduates) Noida
Continental Software Solutions Limited
With over 11 years online event experience we have proactively developed services to the events industry offering a wide range of tried and tested solutions supporting trade and consumer events
Jr. Software Engineer/Fresher
Job Description :Min Education Qualification: Any Graduate/ Post Graduate
Work Experience : 0 2 yrs
Building a rapport with clients.
Candidates with relevant experience will be given preference
Involves working in UK shifts
Excellent Communication Skills and writing skills in English.
1. Involves handling Client Calls.
2. Involves resolving client queries.
3. Involves updating client on latest information on a product or service.
4. Responsible for providing Technical support to UK clients. Handling client queries and providing support keeping quality parameters in check.
5. Providing an excellent customer experience for all accounts, by anticipating and resolving customer issues in a manner that exceeds the customer expectations
7. Listening carefully for customer feedback by monitoring customer interaction workspaces and other online environments
8. Communicating regularly with the customer to evaluate satisfaction and proactively identify upcoming needs
9. Coordinating with technical personnel as needed to meet customer needs, while managing customer expectations to prevent overload or missed deadlines
Desired Profile :
1. Should be comfortable working in shifts.
2. Should have excellent English communication skills.
3. Should be patient enough to handle any kind of client queries.
4. Multi task oriented, proactive problem solving, understanding clients issues and requirement.
5. Energized by making clients happy and successful
6. Ability to understand the client better than they do, to anticipate future needs and help determine the ideal solution for issues
7. A passion for collaboration and a deep understanding of the technology and sociology involved in enterprise social software
8. Superior team organizer and lead, with the ability to coordinate with technical staff without micromanaging
9. Translator between business, technical, and sales people
10. Excellent organizational, analytical and negotiation skills
11. Phenomenal communication skills are a must for this job
12. Driven to create success in a hopeless situation, through brilliant problem solving, communication, and relentless persistence
13. Able to perform well in the face of tight deadlines and tough technical and organizational challenges
14. Steadfast and calm in explosive situations
15. 0-2 years experience in professional services or technical project management
Contact Details :
Name: Gaurav Tyagi
Address:
Continental Software Solutions
A - 7, Sector - 7
NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, India 201301
Softcell Technologies Ltd Recruiting B.Tech/B.E. - Mechanical, Production/Industrial Freshers Chennai, Mumbai, Pune
Softcell Technologies is a 20 year old business-to-business software services company. With a 300+ member workforce we provide end-to-end IT infrastructure services on Software Licensing, Hardware, Security, Storage, Networking, Field Support Services, Engineering Services, Testing & Application Life Cycle Management and Internet hosting services; Softcell is headquartered in Mumbai and has sales offices in 6 major cities in India. We work with over 3,000 organizations across India in their efforts to increasing their returns on IT infrastructure investments. Our Services include Software Licensing, System Integration & Networking, Field Support Services, Enterprise Security, Engineering Services, Internet Hosting services, Application Life Cycle Management and Facility Management.
Trainee - (Windchill, PLM)
Experience: 0 - 2 Years
Compensation: Rupees 90,000 - 2,00,000
Salary will be commensurate with Qualification and Experience.
About Softcell:
Softcell is a leading Business Partner of Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) and focuses on delivering license sales and solutions around the PTC MCAD and Collaboration platform consisting of products such as Pro/Engineer, WindChill, Product Point, etc.
The PTC business is one of the fastest growing SBUs for Softcell. We are in the process of hiring Engg. Trainees for the PTC business whose key task will be to focus on pre-sales engagement with the customers including demonstation of product capabilities, proof of concept, etc.
We have vacancy for PTC Engg. Trainee at all our branch locations, namely New Delhi, Mahape (Vashi), Pune, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Chennai.
Candidates who are interested in pre-sales or technical evangelism of products in the Engineering Services space may apply. This is a customer facing role and the job involves making field calls to customers for doing meetings, presentations, demonstrations, etc.
Job Profile:
The PTC Engg. Trainee will be a member of the Pre-Sales Application Engineering team within Softcell. The Trainee will be enabled and trained on the Pro/Engineer and Windchill range of products and will the become part of the Application Engineering Team that focuses on pre-sales engagement with customers.
Primary Job Functions:
* This position involves working on qualified opportunities generated by the sales team in the Engineering Services Space, understanding customer pains and requirements, and positioning PTC solutions (Pro/ENGINEER, Windchill, Isodraw, etc) and services.
* Provide assistance to the sales team for creating proposals as a response to the customer RFQ/RFP/RFI
* Leading validation events (Benchmarks, Proof of Concepts, Workshops, Technical Presentations, and Demos etc.)
* Preparing BoMs, defining scope of work documents
Desired Profile :
Principal qualifications:
* Bachelors Degree in Engineering, preferably in Mechanical Engineering or Production.
* Upto 2 years experience. (Freshers intersted in making a tech career in engineering softwares may also apply).
* Should have a good written communication in order to create solution proposals with value proposition
* Good communication and presentation skills.
* Ability to handle engagements/customers from enterprise perspective.
* Good knowledge of product development processes.
* Additional skill sets (desired):
o Knowledge of industry standard processes like APQP, Six Sigma, ISO etc.
o Exposure to J2EE and other IT standards
o Knowledge of CAD/CAM software like Pro/ENGINEER, Solid Works etc.
Contact Details :
Name: Nikhil Kshirsagar / Neena
Address:
Softcell Technologies Ltd
301, Mayfair tower II 28,Mumbai-Pune Road
Wakdewadi
PUNE, India 411005
Tata Elxsi Ltd - B.Tech/B.E. - Computers, Electrical Freshes - Bangalore, Chennai, Trivandrum
Tata Elxsi is a part of US$22 Billion Tata Group, Tata Elxsi helps the world?s leading product manufacturers to develop new products and enhance and sustain current products. We address the needs of product development across layers of hardware and software ranging from intelligent silicon design and micro-coding of processors to building functionality in devices.
Seamlessly integrating precision and ingenuity, Tata Elxsi's abilities stem from our creative leadership in hard-core technology and strength in design. Augmenting these capabilities is our expertise across our practice areas to provide point services and end-to-end solutions across the product lifecycle
From Automotive to Aerospace, Enterprise to Consumer Electronics, Entertainment to FMCG, Media to Storage, Semicon to Telecom, we provide customized design solutions to companies across the globe. We ensure cost-effective, time-to-market solutions through a highly motivated skilled workforce driven by strong design principles, highest levels of quality and ethical business practices.
We are the first company in the world to achieve CMMi Level 5 Certification for product design workflows, a testimony to our expertise in delivering technology innovation
TATA ELXSI ANNOUNCES OFF CAMPUS RECRUITMENT FOR FRESHERS - 2010
Job Description :
Eligibility Criteria:
* Year of Graduation: 2010 only
* Degree: BE / B.Tech (ECE, EEE, CSE)
* Aggregate score of 65% and above in engineering
* Good interpersonal, analytical and communication skills is must
Desired Profile :
NOTE :
* Candidates with degrees through correspondence/ part-time courses are not eligible to apply
* No outstanding arrears at the time of application
* Candidates who have appeared for the written test or Interview in past six months at any of our centers will not be considered.
Maples ESM Technologies Ltd - BSc, BCA, BBM, BBA, Bcom, BA Freshers - Chennai, Bangalore
Maples ESM Technologies Pvt Ltd
Maples is a World Class Remote Infrastructure Management Company having 1700+ employees across the world and has trained and deployed more than 12800 candidates with the top 100 companies in the world.
Walk in for Freshers 2009 - 2010 Batch (Only Graduates)
Job Description :
Hi All,
Requirement for Freshers, 2009 /2010 Batch (Only Bsc, Bcom, BCA, BA, BBM, BBA). Candidates with excellent Communication required.
Are you just a graduate & Still not employed?
Is Engineering candidates given more preferences by Top Companies?
Is your skills not utilized yet?
Looking for a challenging career with just Graduation in a Top Company?
Do you have an excellent communication skills ?
Like to work with International clients ?
Walk in interview for fresher's (Bsc (Computer Science), BCA, BBM, BBA, Bcom, BA )
with our client Fortune 500 Company @ 9.30 AM – 3.00 PM on 30th Oct 2010 (Saturday)
Fresher''s Required @ UK MNCs in Chennai/Bangalore.
Maples is a World Class Remote Infrastructure Management Company having 1700+ employees across the world and has trained and deployed more than 12800 candidates with the top 100 companies in the world.
No of Positions - 200 Positions
Education Qualification (Regular): BSc(Computer Science), BCA, BBM, BBA, Bcom, BA
Marks - 60% and above - Consistent
Regular College
Passout Year: 2009 & 2010
Mode of Placement / Location: Permanent / Chennai or Bangalore
Interview Venue:
Maples ESM Technologies Pvt Ltd
"MGM Infoville", 284/1A,
Old Mahabalipuram Road,
Kandanchavadi, Perungudi PO,
Chennai – 600 096
Landmark: Opp to Prince Infocity / Next to HCL.
Contact Person( HR Department): Janani / Sreejith
In case selected you need to join us immediately.
If you are not interested. I would appreciate if you could pass this on to your friends
Thanks & Regards,
Maples Recruitment Team
TouchPoint Solutions - BE / B.Tech / MCA (0-2 years) Chennai
TouchPoint Solutions brings together the best people and processes to create smart solutions to complex telecommunications issues. We aim to provide Solutions that are world-class, easy to use and future-focused. We prepare the next generation of developers in the implementation, customization, integration and version up gradation in our Telecom products: We are mainly focusing Telecom, Insurance, Health care & Banking domains. We are Gold certified partner of Genesys & equivalent to CMM Level 3.
Software Engineer (Java/ .Net)
Job Description :
Qualification :
* BE / B.Tech / MCA
* Freshers - 2008 & 2009 Passed out batch ONLY allowed.
Mandatory Skills : JAVA, J2EE, C#, ASP.NET, VB.NET
Desired Skills For Java :
* Relevant experience between 0-2 Years.
* Good communication (Both Oral & Written).
* Good exposure to JAVA, J2EE, Core Java, JSP, Servlets.
* Should be flexible to work anywhere, anytime.
Desired Skills for .NET :
* Exposure of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
* Knowledge of application development in C#, ASP.NET, VB.NET.
* Knowledge of Database like SQL Server 2000, Oracle 9i.
* Knowledge of XML, Threading, Web services & Remoting are an added advantage.
* Strong knowledge in scripting language (VB Script, JAVA Script).
* Good communication skills (both written and spoken)
* Should be willing to learn new technologies.
* Should be flexible to work anywhere, anytime.
* Professional Certificated Like (MCP, MCAD, Brain Bench) preferable.
Note : Male candidates should only Walk-In.
Walk-In Interview On 30th October 2010 (Saturday), Time : 9 AM to 1 PM
Venue :
TouchPoint Solutions India Pvt Ltd,
A3, Ceebros Rangam, 11th Cenotaph Road,
Teynampet,
Chennai - 18
Landmark: Next to Coffee day building & behind Footz show room.
Contact Person : HRD
Contact Number : 91-44-2432 3730, 91-44-2433 4619
Note : Chennai local candidates should only Walk-In.
Software Engineer (Java/ .Net)
Job Description :
Qualification :
* BE / B.Tech / MCA
* Freshers - 2008 & 2009 Passed out batch ONLY allowed.
Mandatory Skills : JAVA, J2EE, C#, ASP.NET, VB.NET
Desired Skills For Java :
* Relevant experience between 0-2 Years.
* Good communication (Both Oral & Written).
* Good exposure to JAVA, J2EE, Core Java, JSP, Servlets.
* Should be flexible to work anywhere, anytime.
Desired Skills for .NET :
* Exposure of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
* Knowledge of application development in C#, ASP.NET, VB.NET.
* Knowledge of Database like SQL Server 2000, Oracle 9i.
* Knowledge of XML, Threading, Web services & Remoting are an added advantage.
* Strong knowledge in scripting language (VB Script, JAVA Script).
* Good communication skills (both written and spoken)
* Should be willing to learn new technologies.
* Should be flexible to work anywhere, anytime.
* Professional Certificated Like (MCP, MCAD, Brain Bench) preferable.
Note : Male candidates should only Walk-In.
Walk-In Interview On 30th October 2010 (Saturday), Time : 9 AM to 1 PM
Venue :
TouchPoint Solutions India Pvt Ltd,
A3, Ceebros Rangam, 11th Cenotaph Road,
Teynampet,
Chennai - 18
Landmark: Next to Coffee day building & behind Footz show room.
Contact Person : HRD
Contact Number : 91-44-2432 3730, 91-44-2433 4619
Note : Chennai local candidates should only Walk-In.
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